{"id":1005664,"date":"2022-09-25T22:13:02","date_gmt":"2022-09-25T22:13:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/?p=1005664"},"modified":"2024-11-06T16:10:33","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T16:10:33","slug":"colonialism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/colonialism\/","title":{"rendered":"COLONIALISM"},"content":{"rendered":"
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By Jo\u00e3o Figueiredo<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n\n\t

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\u2018Colonialism is a practice of domination\u2019 (Kohn and Kavita, 2017) that involves the transfer of a populational group from a metropole or a centre to a colony or periphery. For analytical purposes, it is possible to classify concrete historical instances of colonialism according to their era (e.g., classical, medieval, early modern, modern periods) and the major types of colonization that they rested on (e.g., settler colonialism, exploitation colonialism, trade colonialism, and internal or surrogate colonialism). The resulting typology immediately foregrounds two defining characteristics of this complex socio-political phenomena: 1) colonialism is not bound to any specific time and\/or culture; 2) colonialism always relies on a populational group controlling the land and\/or resources that originally belong to another. Although there is no stable academic consensus about the best way to distinguish between colonialism and imperialism, by focusing on these two characteristics it is possible to propose a heuristic demarcation between the two concepts that is adequate to tackle the Portuguese context. Thus, pragmatically we can claim that colonialism shares its transhistorical nature with imperialism, while distinguishing itself from imperialism because its focus always rests on economic exploitation and settlement instead of military conquest, religious conversion, and political sovereignty. Working with this hypothesis, we can make the following observations about the recent history of Portuguese colonialism: a) the birth of modern Portuguese colonialism coincided with the rise of ethnonationalism, when the economic interests of the liberal elites of the metropole became the main drive of Portuguese imperialism, subduing old feudal, military, and religious interests; b) the Third Portuguese Empire (1820-1975) was composed of settler colonies (Angola, Mozambique), exploitation colonies (Saint Thomas and Prince), trade colonies (East-Timor, Guinea-Bissau), and surrogate colonies (Cape Verde, Goa, Macau). Finally, it is relevant to mention that, during the modern period, Portuguese liberal elites persuaded the masses to partake in market driven colonial endeavours by repurposing and disseminating older, emotionally charged, imperialist myths. Valentim Alexandre identifies two of these mythic narratives, the \u2018myth of the sacred inheritance\u2019 and the \u2018Eldorado <\/em>myth\u2019. According to him, they were instrumental in providing the ideological scaffolding of the Third Portuguese Empire (c. <\/em>1820-1975). Other scholars have focused on the \u2018Lusotropical\u2019 myth (1852-1975) and the \u2018civilizing mission\u2019 myth.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Related References<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n

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Abernathy, David B. 2001. The Dynamics of Global Dominance: European Overseas Empires, 1415\u20131980<\/em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.<\/p>\n

Alexandre, Valentim. 1979. Origens Do Colonialism Portugu\u00eas Moderno (1822-1891)<\/em>. Lisbon: S\u00e1 da Costa.<\/p>\n

1995. \u201cA \u00c1frica No Imagin\u00e1rio Pol\u00edtico Portugu\u00eas (S\u00e9culos XIX-XX).\u201d Pen\u00e9lope: Revista de Hist\u00f3ria e Ci\u00eancias Sociais<\/em> 15: 39\u201352.<\/p>\n

1998. \u201cA Quest\u00e3o Colonial No Portugal Oitocentista.\u201d In Nova Hist\u00f3ria Da Expans\u00e3o Portuguesa. O Imp\u00e9rio Africano 1825-1890<\/em>, edited by Valentim Alexandre and Jill Dias. Lisbon: Editorial Estampa.<\/p>\n

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Anderson, Warwick, Ricardo Roque, and Ricardo Ventura Santos, eds. 2019. Luso-Tropicalism and Its Discontents: The Making and Unmaking of Racial Excepcionalism<\/em>. New York: Berghanh Books.<\/p>\n

Bandeira Jer\u00f3nimo, Miguel. 2010. Livros Brancos, Corpos e Almas Negras: A \u201cMiss\u00e3o Civilizadora\u201d Do Colonialismo Portugu\u00eas<\/em>. Lisbon: Imprensa de Ci\u00eancias Sociais.<\/p>\n

2015. The \u201cCivilising Mission\u201d of Portuguese Colonialism, 1870-1930<\/em>. London: Palgrave MacMillan.<\/p>\n

Bates, Zach, and Ken Macmillan. 2021. \u201cIdeologies of Colonization.\u201d In Oxford Bibliographies<\/em>. https:\/\/www.oxfordbibliographies.com\/view\/document\/obo-9780199730414\/obo-9780199730414-0034.xml.<\/p>\n

Ca\u00f1izares-Esguerra, Jorge, ed. 2018. Entangled Empires: The Anglo-Iberian Atlantic, 1500\u20131830<\/em>. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.<\/p>\n

Castelo, Cl\u00e1udia. 1999. O Modo Portugu\u00eas de Estar No Mundo\u00bb: Luso-Tropicalismo e Ideologia Colonial Portuguesa (1933-1961)<\/em>. Oporto: Edi\u00e7\u00f5es Afrontamento.<\/p>\n

2008. \u201cO Outro No Labirinto Imperial: Orientalismo e Luso-Tropicalismo.\u201d In Globaliza\u00e7\u00e3o No Div\u00e3<\/em>, edited by Ruy Blanes, Renato Carmo, and Daniel Melo, 295\u2013315. Lisbon: Tinta-da-China.<\/p>\n

Curto, Diogo Ramada. 2009. Cultura Imperial e Projetos Coloniais (S\u00e9culos XV a XVIII)<\/em>. Campinas: Unicamp.<\/p>\n

Elliott, John H. 2006. Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America, 1492\u20131830<\/em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.<\/p>\n

Hart, Jonathan. 2008. Empires and Colonies<\/em>. Cambridge: Polity.<\/p>\n

Kohn, Margaret, and Reddy Kavita. 2017. \u201cColonialism.\u201d In Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<\/em>. https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/colonialism\/.<\/p>\n

Krause, Thiago, and Pedro Cardim. n.d. \u201cColonial Governance in the Atlantic World.\u201d In Oxford Bibliographies<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Lachenicht, Susanne. 2019. \u201cReligion and Colonization.\u201d In Oxford Bibliographies<\/em>. https:\/\/www.oxfordbibliographies.com\/view\/document\/obo-9780199730414\/obo-9780199730414-0311.xml.<\/p>\n

Martins, Oliveira. 1953a. O Brasil e as Col\u00f3nias Portuguesas<\/em>. Lisbon: Guimar\u00e3es & C.subscribed<\/sup> Editores.<\/p>\n

1953b. Portugal Em \u00c1frica<\/em>. Lisbon: Guimar\u00e3es & C.subscribed<\/sup> Editores.<\/p>\n

Nowell, Charles E. 2020. \u201cWestern Colonialism.\u201d In Britannica<\/em>. https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Western-colonialism.<\/p>\n

Ordinas, Eva Botella. 2021. \u201cColonialism and Postcolonialism.\u201d In Oxford Bibliographies<\/em>. https:\/\/www.oxfordbibliographies.com\/view\/document\/obo-9780199730414\/obo-9780199730414-0174.xml.<\/p>\n

Paquette, Gabriel. 2019. The European Seaborne Empires: From the Thirty Years\u2019 War to the Age of Revolution<\/em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n

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Cite this entry as:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Figueiredo<\/span>, Jo\u00e3o. 2022. \u2018<\/span>Colonialism\u2019<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> In <\/span><\/span>Populism<\/span>s<\/span> and Em<\/span>otion<\/span>s<\/span><\/span> Glossary<\/span><\/span><\/em>, edited by C<\/span>ristiano <\/span>Gianolla<\/span> and <\/span>Ma\u00edra<\/span> Maga<\/span>lh\u00e3es<\/span> Lopes. <\/span><\/span>Available<\/span> at<\/span> https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/<\/span>en<\/span>\/<\/span>gloss\u00e1rio<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jo\u00e3o Figueiredo<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[48],"tags":[54],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCOLONIALISM - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/colonialism\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"COLONIALISM - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Jo\u00e3o Figueiredo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/colonialism\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-09-25T22:13:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-06T16:10:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admmkit\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/colonialism\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/colonialism\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admmkit\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/70c2d0fbc3e01b33cc217fddab8c9fc1\"},\"headline\":\"COLONIALISM\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-09-25T22:13:02+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-06T16:10:33+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/colonialism\/\"},\"wordCount\":1263,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"Letra C\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Gloss\u00e1rio\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/colonialism\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/colonialism\/\",\"name\":\"COLONIALISM - 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