{"id":1005670,"date":"2022-09-25T22:20:05","date_gmt":"2022-09-25T22:20:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/?p=1005670"},"modified":"2024-11-06T16:19:21","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T16:19:21","slug":"political-behavior","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/political-behavior\/","title":{"rendered":"POLITICAL BEHAVIOR"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
\n\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
<\/div> <\/div>
\n\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\n
\n\t
\n\t\t
\n

By Jos\u00e9 Santana Pereira<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n\n\t

\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n
\n\t
\n\t\t

Political behavior can be defined as actions taken by ordinary citizens with political motivations or goals, which can directly or indirectly influence political outcomes. It subsumes all the activities that ordinary citizens engage in and have a link with the democratic process, from reading the politics section of the newspaper to engaging in several forms of political participation. Indeed, within the study of political behavior, political participation is a key research subject, with the specialized literature often establishing a distinction between conventional and unconventional political participation. One of the most conventional forms of political participation in representative democracies, is, of course, voting in elections and referenda, but there are several other forms, such as partaking in political campaign actions or events, making financial contributions to parties and candidates, participating in demonstrations, signing petitions, or contacting elected officials or other political elite members. Within this type of political participation, we can identify elite-supportive or institutionalized participation (those actions that include interacting or collaborating with political elites) and expressive, elite-challenging forms of participation (those that follow uncooperative paths). Instead, unconventional participation includes, for instance, boycotting specific products or brands for political reasons, as well as more extreme actions such as occupy factories or buildings, blocking highways or railroads and damaging public buildings or spaces. A great deal of the research on political behavior has focused on voting, trying to, on the one hand, pinpoint the factors leading citizens to decide on turning out to vote vs. abstaining, and, on the other, shed light on how people decide which party or candidate they will support with their vote. Instead, research on other forms of political behavior has tried to understand both the factors underlying the propensity to engage in several forms of participation and the relationship between different types of participation (showing, for example, that in several contexts younger cohorts of citizens are more likely to engage in forms of elite-challenging and unconventional political participation than to vote).<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div><\/div>\n
\n\t
\n\t\t
\n

Related References<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n

\n\t
\n\t\t

Bartels, Larry M. 2000. \u201cPartisanship and Voting Behavior, 1952-1996.\u201d American Journal of Political Science<\/em> 44 (1): 35\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2669291.<\/p>\n

Beeghley, Leonard. 1986. \u201cSocial Class and Political Participation: A Review and an Explanation.\u201d Sociological Forum<\/em> 1 (3): 496\u2013513.<\/p>\n

Blais, Andr\u00e9. 2006. \u201cWhat Affects Voter Turnout?\u201d Annual Review of Political Science<\/em> 9 (1): 111\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.polisci.9.070204.105121.<\/p>\n

Brady, Henry E., Sidney Verba, and Kay Lehman Schlozman. 1995. \u201cBeyond SES: A Resource Model of Political Participation.\u201d The American Political Science Review<\/em> 89 (2): 271\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2082425.<\/p>\n

Campbel, Angus, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller, and Donald E. Stokes. 1980. The American Voter<\/em>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.<\/p>\n

Coff\u00e9, Hilde, and Catherine Bolzendahl. 2010. \u201cSame Game, Different Rules? Gender Differences in Political Participation.\u201d Sex Roles<\/em> 62 (5\u20136): 318\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11199-009-9729-y.<\/p>\n

Dalton, Russell. 2008. \u201cCitizenship Norms and the Expansion Of Political Participation.\u201d Political Studies<\/em> 56 (February): 76\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9248.2007.00718.x.<\/p>\n

Dalton, Russell J. 2000. \u201cCitizen Attitudes and Political Behavior.\u201d Comparative Political Studies<\/em> 33 (6\u20137): 912\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/001041400003300609.<\/p>\n

Gallego, Aina. 2007. \u201cUnequal Political Participation in Europe.\u201d International Journal of Sociology<\/em> 37 (4): 10\u201325.<\/p>\n

Mannarini, Terri, Monica Legittimo, and Cosimo Tal\u00f2. 2008. \u201cDeterminants of Social and Political Participation among Youth: A Preliminary Study.\u201d Psicolog\u00eca Pol\u00ectica<\/em> 36 (January): 95\u2013117.<\/p>\n

Mayer, Alexander K. 2011. \u201cDoes Education Increase Political Participation?\u201d The Journal of Politics<\/em> 73 (3): 633\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s002238161100034x.<\/p>\n

Meer, Tom W. G. van der, Jan W. van Deth, and Peer L. H. Scheepers. 2009. \u201cThe Politicized Participant: Ideology and Political Action in 20 Democracies.\u201d Comparative Political Studies<\/em> 42 (11): 1426\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0010414009332136.<\/p>\n

Memoli, Vincenzo. 2016. \u201cUnconventional Participation in Time of Crisis: How Ideology Shapes Citizens\u2019 Political Actions.\u201d Partecipazione e Conflitto<\/em> 9 (1): 127\u201351.<\/p>\n

Norris, Pippa, and Robert E. Goodin. 2007. Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior.<\/em> Oxford: Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n

Quintelier, Ellen. 2007. \u201cDifferences in Political Participation between Young and Old People.\u201d Contemporary Politics<\/em> 13 (June): 165\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13569770701562658.<\/p>\n

Stolle, Dietlind, Marc Hooghe, and Michele Micheletti. 2005. \u201cPolitics in the Supermarket: Political Consumerism as a Form of Political Participation.\u201d International Political Science Review<\/em> 26 (3): 245\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0192512105053784.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n

\n\t
\n\t\t
\n

Cite this entry as:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pereira<\/span>, Jos\u00e9 Santana. 2022. \u2018<\/span>Political Behavior\u2019<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> In <\/span><\/span>Populism<\/span>s<\/span> and Em<\/span>otion<\/span>s<\/span><\/span> Glossary<\/span><\/span><\/em>, edited by C<\/span>ristiano <\/span>Gianolla<\/span> and <\/span>Ma\u00edra<\/span> Maga<\/span>lh\u00e3es<\/span> Lopes. <\/span><\/span>Available<\/span> at<\/span> https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/<\/span>en<\/span>\/<\/span>gloss\u00e1rio<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jos\u00e9 Santana Pereira<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[48],"tags":[51],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPOLITICAL BEHAVIOR - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/political-behavior\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"POLITICAL BEHAVIOR - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Jos\u00e9 Santana Pereira\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/political-behavior\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-09-25T22:20:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-06T16:19:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admmkit\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/political-behavior\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/political-behavior\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admmkit\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/70c2d0fbc3e01b33cc217fddab8c9fc1\"},\"headline\":\"POLITICAL BEHAVIOR\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-09-25T22:20:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-06T16:19:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/political-behavior\/\"},\"wordCount\":1060,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"Letra P\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Gloss\u00e1rio\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/political-behavior\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/political-behavior\/\",\"name\":\"POLITICAL BEHAVIOR - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-09-25T22:20:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-06T16:19:21+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/political-behavior\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/political-behavior\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/political-behavior\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"POLITICAL BEHAVIOR\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/\",\"name\":\"UNPOP - Populismo e Emo\u00e7\u00f5es\",\"description\":\"Desmontar o Populismo\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#organization\",\"name\":\"UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/upsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/unpop-logo-text.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/upsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/unpop-logo-text.png\",\"width\":200,\"height\":75,\"caption\":\"UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/70c2d0fbc3e01b33cc217fddab8c9fc1\",\"name\":\"admmkit\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4b9b72dc917af8d62df3410acb7e73ec?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4b9b72dc917af8d62df3410acb7e73ec?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admmkit\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"POLITICAL BEHAVIOR - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/political-behavior\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"POLITICAL BEHAVIOR - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism","og_description":"Jos\u00e9 Santana Pereira","og_url":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/political-behavior\/","og_site_name":"UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism","article_published_time":"2022-09-25T22:20:05+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-11-06T16:19:21+00:00","author":"admmkit","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/political-behavior\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/political-behavior\/"},"author":{"name":"admmkit","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/70c2d0fbc3e01b33cc217fddab8c9fc1"},"headline":"POLITICAL BEHAVIOR","datePublished":"2022-09-25T22:20:05+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-06T16:19:21+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/political-behavior\/"},"wordCount":1060,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#organization"},"keywords":["Letra P"],"articleSection":["Gloss\u00e1rio"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/political-behavior\/","url":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/political-behavior\/","name":"POLITICAL BEHAVIOR - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#website"},"datePublished":"2022-09-25T22:20:05+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-06T16:19:21+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/political-behavior\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/political-behavior\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/political-behavior\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"POLITICAL BEHAVIOR"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#website","url":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/","name":"UNPOP - Populismo e Emo\u00e7\u00f5es","description":"Desmontar o Populismo","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#organization","name":"UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism","url":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/upsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/unpop-logo-text.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/upsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/unpop-logo-text.png","width":200,"height":75,"caption":"UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/70c2d0fbc3e01b33cc217fddab8c9fc1","name":"admmkit","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4b9b72dc917af8d62df3410acb7e73ec?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4b9b72dc917af8d62df3410acb7e73ec?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admmkit"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1005670"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1005670"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1005670\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1008460,"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1005670\/revisions\/1008460"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1005670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1005670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1005670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}