{"id":1005672,"date":"2022-09-25T22:27:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-25T22:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/?p=1005672"},"modified":"2023-01-01T13:23:10","modified_gmt":"2023-01-01T13:23:10","slug":"populist-attitudes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/populist-attitudes\/","title":{"rendered":"POPULIST ATTITUDES"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
\n\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
<\/div> <\/div>
\n\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\n
\n\t
\n\t\t
\n

By Jos\u00e9 Santana Pereira<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n\n\t

\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n
\n\t
\n\t\t

Populist attitudes refer to a general belief that representative democracy processes do not take into account the needs and desires of the people, because the elite who controls political institutions is either corrupt, alienated or incompetent, and that something must be done in order to place the \u2018pure\u2019 people again at the centre of the political process. The concept of populist attitudes stems from the subfield of research on populism that looks at this phenomenon as constituting a superficial ideology. In more precise terms, this ideational approach defines populism as a thin-centered ideology that considers society to be separated into two homogeneous and antagonistic sides (the pure people and the evil elite), and that politics should be the expression of the volonte g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/em> (general will) of the people. By looking at it as a (thin-centered) ideology, we can observe and analyze populism both in the political supply side (parties and political elites at large) and in the demand side \u2013 the citizenry. Indeed, most research on populist attitudes has focused on operationalizing and measuring the three components of the definition presented above: people-centrism, anti-elitism and a claim for popular sovereignty. Other studies go further, by looking at additional subsets of attitudes related with specific subtypes of populism, namely exclusionism (considering that not all people are part of the \u00abtrue people\u00bb, thus excluding ethnic or linguistic minorities and\/or immigrants and refugees) or anti-pluralism (the belief that there is only one way of being a member of \u00abthe people\u00bb, which justifies discriminating attitudes towards specific minoritarian options and behaviors). Research on populist attitudes has mapped its prevalence within the citizenry (often showing that agreement with populist stances is widespread), the factors explaining higher or lower odds of expressing populist attitudes (finding that the key factors often vary from country to country) and their impact in terms of political participation and voting behavior.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div><\/div>\n
\n\t
\n\t\t
\n

Related References<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n

\n\t
\n\t\t

Akkerman, Agnes, Cas Mudde, and Andrej Zaslove. 2014. \u201cHow Populist Are the People? Measuring Populist Attitudes in Voters.\u201d Comparative Political Studies<\/em> 47 (9): 1324\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0010414013512600.
\nArdag, M. Murat, Bruno Castanho Silva, J. Philipp Thomeczek, Steffen F. Bandlow-Raffalski, and Levente Littvay. 2020. \u201cPopulist Attitudes and Political Engagement: Ugly, Bad, and Sometimes Good?\u201d Representation<\/em> 56 (3): 307\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00344893.2019.1661870.
\nCastanho Silva, Bruno, Sebastian Jungkunz, Marc Helbling, and Levente Littvay. 2020. \u201cAn Empirical Comparison of Seven Populist Attitudes Scales.\u201d Political Research Quarterly<\/em> 73 (2): 409\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1065912919833176.
\nElchardus, Mark, and Bram Spruyt. 2016. \u201cPopulism, Persistent Republicanism and Declinism: An Empirical Analysis of Populism as a Thin Ideology.\u201d Government and Opposition<\/em> 51 (1): 111\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/gov.2014.27.
\nHameleers, Michael, and Claes H. de Vreese. 2020. \u201cTo Whom Are \u2018the People\u2019 Opposed? Conceptualizing and Measuring Citizens\u2019 Populist Attitudes as a Multidimensional Construct.\u201d Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties<\/em> 30 (2): 255\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17457289.2018.1532434.
\nMudde, Cas. 2004. \u201cThe Populist Zeitgeist.\u201d Government and Opposition<\/em> 39 (4): 541\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1477-7053.2004.00135.x.
\nMudde, Cas, and Crist\u00f3bal Rovira Kaltwasser. 2013. \u201cExclusionary vs. Inclusionary Populism: Comparing Contemporary Europe and Latin America.\u201d Government and Opposition<\/em> 48 (2): 147\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/gov.2012.11.
\nPirro, Andrea L. P., and Mart\u00edn Portos. 2021. \u201cPopulism between Voting and Non-Electoral Participation.\u201d West European Politics<\/em> 44 (3): 558\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01402382.2020.1739451.
\nRico, Guillem, and Eva Anduiza. 2017. \u201cEconomic Correlates of Populist Attitudes: An Analysis of Nine European Countries in the Aftermath of the Great Recession.\u201d Acta Politica<\/em> 54 (3): 371\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41269-017-0068-7.
\nRico, Guillem, Marc Guinjoan, and Eva Anduiza. 2017. \u201cThe Emotional Underpinnings of Populism: How Anger and Fear Affect Populist Attitudes.\u201d Swiss Political Science Review<\/em> 23 (4): 444\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/spsr.12261.
\nSantana Pereira, Jos\u00e9. 2020. \u201cPut Your Action Where Your Mouth Is: A Rela\u00e7\u00e3o Entre Atitudes Populistas e Participa\u00e7\u00e3o Pol\u00edtica Em Portugal.\u201d Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Internacionais<\/em> 67: 57\u201372.
\nSantana-Pereira, Jos\u00e9, and Jo\u00e3o Cancela. 2020. \u201cDemand without Supply? Populist Attitudes and Voting Behaviour in Post-Bailout Portugal.\u201d South European Society and Politics<\/em> 25 (2): 205\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13608746.2020.1864910.
\nSchulz, Anne, Philipp M\u00fcller, Christian Schemer, Dominique Stefanie Wirz, Martin Wettstein, and Werner Wirth. 2018. \u201cMeasuring Populist Attitudes on Three Dimensions.\u201d International Journal of Public Opinion Research<\/em> 30 (2): 316\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ijpor\/edw037.
\nSpierings, Niels, and Andrej Zaslove. 2017. \u201cGender, Populist Attitudes, and Voting: Explaining the Gender Gap in Voting for Populist Radical Right and Populist Radical Left Parties.\u201d West European Politics<\/em> 40 (4): 821\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01402382.2017.1287448.
\nTsatsanis, Emmanouil, Ioannis Andreadis, and Eftichia Teperoglou. 2018. \u201cPopulism from Below: Socio-Economic and Ideological Correlates of Mass Attitudes in Greece.\u201d South European Society and Politics<\/em> 23 (4): 429\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13608746.2018.1510635.
\nVan Hauwaert, Steven M., and Stijn Kessel. 2018. \u201cBeyond Protest and Discontent: A Cross-National Analysis of the Effect of Populist Attitudes and Issue Positions on Populist Party Support.\u201d European Journal of Political Research<\/em> 57 (1): 68\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1475-6765.12216.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n

\n\t
\n\t\t
\n

Cite this entry as:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pereira<\/span>, Jos\u00e9 Santana. 2022. \u2018<\/span>Populist Attitudes\u2019<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> In <\/span><\/span>Populism<\/span>s<\/span> and Em<\/span>otion<\/span>s<\/span><\/span> Glossary<\/span><\/span><\/em>, edited by C<\/span>ristiano <\/span>Gianolla<\/span> and <\/span>Ma\u00edra<\/span> Maga<\/span>lh\u00e3es<\/span> Lopes. <\/span><\/span>Available<\/span> at<\/span> https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/<\/span>en<\/span>\/<\/span>gloss\u00e1rio<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jos\u00e9 Santana Pereira<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[48],"tags":[51],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPOPULIST ATTITUDES - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/populist-attitudes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"POPULIST ATTITUDES - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Jos\u00e9 Santana Pereira\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/populist-attitudes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-09-25T22:27:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-01T13:23:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admmkit\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/populist-attitudes\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/populist-attitudes\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admmkit\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/70c2d0fbc3e01b33cc217fddab8c9fc1\"},\"headline\":\"POPULIST ATTITUDES\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-09-25T22:27:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-01-01T13:23:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/populist-attitudes\/\"},\"wordCount\":1173,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"Letra P\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Gloss\u00e1rio\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/populist-attitudes\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/populist-attitudes\/\",\"name\":\"POPULIST ATTITUDES - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-09-25T22:27:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-01-01T13:23:10+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/populist-attitudes\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/populist-attitudes\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/populist-attitudes\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"POPULIST ATTITUDES\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/\",\"name\":\"UNPOP - Populismo e Emo\u00e7\u00f5es\",\"description\":\"Desmontar o Populismo\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#organization\",\"name\":\"UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/upsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/unpop-logo-text.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/upsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/unpop-logo-text.png\",\"width\":200,\"height\":75,\"caption\":\"UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/70c2d0fbc3e01b33cc217fddab8c9fc1\",\"name\":\"admmkit\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4b9b72dc917af8d62df3410acb7e73ec?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4b9b72dc917af8d62df3410acb7e73ec?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admmkit\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"POPULIST ATTITUDES - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/populist-attitudes\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"POPULIST ATTITUDES - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism","og_description":"Jos\u00e9 Santana Pereira","og_url":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/populist-attitudes\/","og_site_name":"UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism","article_published_time":"2022-09-25T22:27:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-01-01T13:23:10+00:00","author":"admmkit","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/populist-attitudes\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/populist-attitudes\/"},"author":{"name":"admmkit","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/70c2d0fbc3e01b33cc217fddab8c9fc1"},"headline":"POPULIST ATTITUDES","datePublished":"2022-09-25T22:27:00+00:00","dateModified":"2023-01-01T13:23:10+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/populist-attitudes\/"},"wordCount":1173,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#organization"},"keywords":["Letra P"],"articleSection":["Gloss\u00e1rio"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/populist-attitudes\/","url":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/populist-attitudes\/","name":"POPULIST ATTITUDES - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#website"},"datePublished":"2022-09-25T22:27:00+00:00","dateModified":"2023-01-01T13:23:10+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/populist-attitudes\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/populist-attitudes\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/populist-attitudes\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"POPULIST ATTITUDES"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#website","url":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/","name":"UNPOP - Populismo e Emo\u00e7\u00f5es","description":"Desmontar o Populismo","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#organization","name":"UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism","url":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/upsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/unpop-logo-text.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/upsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/unpop-logo-text.png","width":200,"height":75,"caption":"UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/70c2d0fbc3e01b33cc217fddab8c9fc1","name":"admmkit","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4b9b72dc917af8d62df3410acb7e73ec?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4b9b72dc917af8d62df3410acb7e73ec?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admmkit"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1005672"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1005672"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1005672\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1007129,"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1005672\/revisions\/1007129"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1005672"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1005672"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1005672"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}