{"id":1007104,"date":"2022-12-30T13:38:23","date_gmt":"2022-12-30T13:38:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/?p=1007104"},"modified":"2022-12-30T13:42:22","modified_gmt":"2022-12-30T13:42:22","slug":"anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/","title":{"rendered":"Anger and Populist Attitudes: How Could Anger Activate Latent Populist Attitudes?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
\n\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
<\/div> <\/div>
\n\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n
\n\t
\n\t\t

By Eduardo Ryo Tamaki
\n<\/strong><\/strong>2022-12-30<\/em><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div><\/div>
\n
\n
\n
\n \"\"\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
\n\t
\n\t\t
This article is part of the UNPOP series – Unpacking Populism, published on a monthly basis and\u00a0<\/sub><\/em>edited by Cristiano Gianolla and Ma\u00edra Magalh\u00e3es Lopes.<\/sub><\/em><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n
\n\t
\n\t\t

Negative emotions are often associated with populism, as feelings of fear and anger are seen as one of the key motivating factors underlying populist support. Both from the supply and demand side, or the elite and individual perspectives, populism is commonly associated with fear (of the \u201cenemy\u201d) and anger (against corrupt elites). While these feelings are present in both the populist discourse and the populist attitudes held by individuals,\u00a0authors have argued that what matters, in reality, is anger, with it being one of the main drivers of populist attitudes<\/u><\/a>. Nevertheless, instead of anger generating more populism (at the individual, public opinion level), my idea is that the priming or the political framing employed by populist leaders and movements incite and direct the anger felt by citizens, which would make their populist attitudes salient, channeling them into a populist vote.<\/p>\n

Populism, as defined by the ideational approach, is a\u00a0set of ideas that individuals and political actors hold<\/u><\/a>. Despite some differences that vary according to how different scholars characterize the phenomenon (i.e., as a thin-centered ideology or a discursive frame), virtually all definitions agree on two main components: people-centrism and anti-elitism. People-centrism would entail the existence of a morally and homogeneous good \u201cpeople,\u201d created vis-\u00e0-vis an equally inherently evil \u201celite\u201d \u2013 anti-elitism. Both are portrayed following a Manichaean and dualistic good-versus-evil view of politics, where there can be no in-between.<\/p>\n

Populist attitudes, in turn, would relate to populism at the micro-level, i.e.,\u00a0views that individuals hold<\/u><\/a>\u00a0or a\u00a0certain populist potential among individuals<\/u><\/a>. While populist attitudes predict vote choice at the individual level,\u00a0they will only have a sizeable substantive impact in determining voting behavior for a large portion of the electorate if the attitudes are activated and if there is a viable populist candidate<\/u><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0 The overall idea is that populist attitudes are a latent disposition that becomes salient under specific conditions, such as political and economic crises \u2013 which must be made relevant by a proper prime from political actors and parties. According to this logic, policy failures and violations of democratic norms through constant corruption scandals would undermine the political class’ democratic legitimacy, exposing the ‘establishment’ for impeding the achievement of ‘the people’s goals and making populist attitudes salient. However, context alone is insufficient; the political agency is also required. In a context of widespread crisis and political inaction, there needs to be a viable populist option capable of mobilizing a populist discourse and successfully exposing the ‘elite’ for all wrongdoings and framing them as acting fraudulently. To put it another way, contextual triggers, along with individual objective perceptions and a particular framing of the social and political world, would make the populist message more plausible, speaking to individuals and directing populist attitudes to a populist vote.<\/p>\n

The populist discourse works on top of a dualistic worldview that separates and opposes the in-group, the \u201cpeople\u201d or \u201cus,\u201d to the \u201cenemies.\u201d\u00a0Through a three-stage emotional arc, populist discourse mobilizes feelings of love (for the homeland) to fear (of the \u201cenemy\u201d), ending in anger towards the elites, framed as corrupt and self-centered<\/u><\/a>. My focus here would be in anger. It is a negative feeling that, in the words of Rico, Guinjoan and Anduiza, \u201centails a harm or offense perceived to be unfair and deprecating (\u2026). [It] motivates a person to take action against the responsible agent, thereby promoting a corrective response.\u201d Anger is used within a populist discourse to increase the distance between \u201cus\u201d and \u201cthem,\u201d simultaneously reinforcing in-group identity while strengthening the resentment and aversion towards the \u201cout-group,\u201d or the enemy.<\/p>\n

In a similar note, studies show that\u00a0anger is directly associated with support for populism<\/u><\/a>. The idea is that\u00a0anger arises if a threat is perceived to be a consequence of an intentional or selfish behavior by an identifiable agent<\/u><\/a>, and the populist narrative often frames the elites for putting their own interests above the \u201cinterests of the people,\u201d claiming that they had the power to influence outcomes but have chosen to act in self-interest.<\/p>\n

Anger incites anger. From the populist discourse to individuals, anger flows and is heightened by the perception that something is unfair or illegitimate. Populists use anger to direct political and economic grievances, defining and reinforcing the image of the “enemy” based on blame attribution. They offer the “people” a clear culprit to blame for the country’s economic\/political conditions. Individuals exposed to a populist message often identify the elite as acting in deliberate and negligent behavior, putting their own interests above the interests of “the people.” This leads to anger at the individual level, which\u00a0affects how individuals process information, form judgments, react to situations<\/u><\/a>\u00a0and even vote. The idea is that anger would resonate with populist attitudes’ underlying ideas that revolve around “us” versus “them,” and a cosmic and moral fight against an evil-ruling elite who betrays the “people.” Therefore, anger would help make populist attitudes salient, which could lead to a populist vote if properly explored and if populists are successful and presenting themselves as an alternative to the corrupt elites.<\/p>\n

Thus, it is possible to expect that where the elite can be held accountable, anger does not only increase support for populism and populist attitudes but could actually activate them. Anger present in populist speeches would influence individual perception, often generating anger among the citizens towards the elites. This could help activate populist attitudes. However, this relationship is not entirely clear in the sense that we do not know if anger increases the overall level of populist attitudes (by creating and contributing to the \u201cus\u201d versus \u201cthem\u201d feeling) or if it works as an activation mechanism (as we have hypothesized so far).<\/p>\n

Recently,\u00a0empirical studies have started to challenge the entire link between populist attitudes and populist votes<\/u><\/a>. They ask if populist attitudes are responsible or have a meaningful impact on directing the vote for populists. They, however, only consider contextual factors and individual perceptions. Overall, little effort has been made to investigate the effects of emotions. This could be an interesting research topic because the alleged link between populism and emotions has been theorized but not empirically tested. Could the relationship between populist attitudes and voting be stronger when emotions like anger are considered? One can only speculate.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div> <\/div>
\n\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\n
\n\t
\n\t\t

Eduardo Ryo Tamaki<\/strong>
\nGerman Institute for Global and Area Studies
\nWilly Brandt School of Public Policy, University of Erfurt<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n\t
\n\t\t

Source: <\/strong>https:\/\/alicenews.ces.uc.pt\/index.php?lang=1&id=41551\u00a0<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"By Eduardo Ryo Tamaki 2022-12-30 This article is part of the UNPOP series - Unpacking Populism, published on a monthly basis and\u00a0edited by Cristiano Gianolla and Ma\u00edra Magalh\u00e3es Lopes. Negative...","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1007106,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[47],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAnger and Populist Attitudes: How Could Anger Activate Latent Populist Attitudes? - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Anger and Populist Attitudes: How Could Anger Activate Latent Populist Attitudes? - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-12-30T13:38:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-12-30T13:42:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/137408239.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"320\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"manuelcruz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"manuelcruz\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/9bbea44e25ddefaef01c3a690ca0d902\"},\"headline\":\"Anger and Populist Attitudes: How Could Anger Activate Latent Populist Attitudes?\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-12-30T13:38:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-12-30T13:42:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/\"},\"wordCount\":1570,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Dissemina\u00e7\u00e3o\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/\",\"name\":\"Anger and Populist Attitudes: How Could Anger Activate Latent Populist Attitudes? - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-12-30T13:38:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-12-30T13:42:22+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Anger and Populist Attitudes: How Could Anger Activate Latent Populist Attitudes?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/\",\"name\":\"UNPOP - Populismo e Emo\u00e7\u00f5es\",\"description\":\"Desmontar o Populismo\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#organization\",\"name\":\"UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/upsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/unpop-logo-text.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/upsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/unpop-logo-text.png\",\"width\":200,\"height\":75,\"caption\":\"UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/9bbea44e25ddefaef01c3a690ca0d902\",\"name\":\"manuelcruz\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a9283f2092db723b239285bbd1a74928?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a9283f2092db723b239285bbd1a74928?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"manuelcruz\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Anger and Populist Attitudes: How Could Anger Activate Latent Populist Attitudes? - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Anger and Populist Attitudes: How Could Anger Activate Latent Populist Attitudes? - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism","og_url":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/","og_site_name":"UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism","article_published_time":"2022-12-30T13:38:23+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-12-30T13:42:22+00:00","og_image":[{"width":640,"height":320,"url":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/137408239.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"manuelcruz","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/"},"author":{"name":"manuelcruz","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/9bbea44e25ddefaef01c3a690ca0d902"},"headline":"Anger and Populist Attitudes: How Could Anger Activate Latent Populist Attitudes?","datePublished":"2022-12-30T13:38:23+00:00","dateModified":"2022-12-30T13:42:22+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/"},"wordCount":1570,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Dissemina\u00e7\u00e3o"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/","url":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/","name":"Anger and Populist Attitudes: How Could Anger Activate Latent Populist Attitudes? - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#website"},"datePublished":"2022-12-30T13:38:23+00:00","dateModified":"2022-12-30T13:42:22+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/anger-and-populist-attitudes-how-could-anger-activate-latent-populist-attitudes\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Anger and Populist Attitudes: How Could Anger Activate Latent Populist Attitudes?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#website","url":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/","name":"UNPOP - Populismo e Emo\u00e7\u00f5es","description":"Desmontar o Populismo","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#organization","name":"UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism","url":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/upsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/unpop-logo-text.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/upsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/unpop-logo-text.png","width":200,"height":75,"caption":"UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/9bbea44e25ddefaef01c3a690ca0d902","name":"manuelcruz","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a9283f2092db723b239285bbd1a74928?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a9283f2092db723b239285bbd1a74928?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"manuelcruz"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1007104"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1007104"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1007104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1007107,"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1007104\/revisions\/1007107"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1007106"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1007104"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1007104"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1007104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}