{"id":1007832,"date":"2023-05-30T08:55:44","date_gmt":"2023-05-30T08:55:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/?p=1007832"},"modified":"2023-08-31T14:43:06","modified_gmt":"2023-08-31T14:43:06","slug":"what-do-women-want-how-women-are-portrayed-in-marine-le-pens-rassemblement-national","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/what-do-women-want-how-women-are-portrayed-in-marine-le-pens-rassemblement-national\/","title":{"rendered":"What do women want? How women are portrayed in Marine Le Pen\u2019s Rassemblement National"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"impressao\"  data-column-margin=\"default\" data-midnight=\"dark\"  class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row\"  style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; \"><div class=\"row-bg-wrap\" data-bg-animation=\"none\" data-bg-overlay=\"false\"><div class=\"inner-wrap\"><div class=\"row-bg viewport-desktop\"  style=\"\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"row_col_wrap_12 col span_12 dark left\">\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone\"  data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"fws_6a15582f1d76c\" data-midnight=\"\" data-column-margin=\"default\" class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row inner_row\"  style=\"\"><div class=\"row-bg-wrap\"> <div class=\"row-bg\" ><\/div> <\/div><div class=\"row_col_wrap_12_inner col span_12  left\">\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone\"   data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class='printomatic pom-small-black' id='id9112'  data-print_target='div#impressao, .impressao, h1.entry-title'><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"postPeople\">Laura Montecchio, Marianna Griffini<br \/>\n<em>2023-05-30<\/em><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"height: 10px;\" class=\"divider\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"img-with-aniamtion-wrap\" data-max-width=\"100%\" data-max-width-mobile=\"default\" data-border-radius=\"5px\" data-shadow=\"small_depth\" data-animation=\"none\" >\n      <div class=\"inner\">\n        <div class=\"hover-wrap\"> \n          <div class=\"hover-wrap-inner\">\n            <img class=\"img-with-animation skip-lazy\" data-delay=\"0\" height=\"562\" width=\"567\" data-animation=\"none\" src=\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-01-at-16_11_191.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-01-at-16_11_191.png 567w, https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-01-at-16_11_191-300x297.png 300w, https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-01-at-16_11_191-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-01-at-16_11_191-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-01-at-16_11_191-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-06-01-at-16_11_191-140x140.png 140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"postPeople\"><em><sub>This article is part of the UNPOP series &#8211; Unpacking Populism, published on a monthly basis and\u00a0<\/sub><\/em><em><sub>edited by Cristiano Gianolla and Ma\u00edra Magalh\u00e3es Lopes.<\/sub><\/em><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"height: 10px;\" class=\"divider\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-1-1\">\n<div id=\"printButton\">The success of populist radical right (PRR) parties is not a novelty. PRR parties around the globe have often amassed considerable electoral gains, including gaining seats in government. In the past few years, PRR parties in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/23516807\/europe-right-wing-parties-orban-meloni\"><u>France, Italy, Sweden, and Hungary<\/u><\/a>\u00a0have garnered considerable consensus at general elections. What is novel about the recent electoral populist radical right success is the prominence of female party leaders, such as Marine Le Pen (Rassemblement National &#8211; RN) who came close to winning the French presidential elections in 2022, and Giorgia Meloni (Fratelli d\u2019Italia &#8211; FdI) who was appointed as Prime Minister of Italy in October 2022. However, even if female populist radical right leaders have achieved electoral success, contradicting the male-domination in politics, women in leadership position not necessarily propound gender equality and feminist stances.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-1-1 text\">\n<p>Particularly emblematic of this new turn of the PRR is Marine Le Pen, frontwoman of the Rassemblement National, who\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.francetvinfo.fr\/elections\/presidentielle\/resultats-presidentielle-2022-avec-41-8-marine-le-pen-realise-le-score-le-plus-eleve-de-l-extreme-droite-lors-d-un-second-tour_5100280.html\"><u>polled more than 40% at the 2022 presidential elections<\/u><\/a>\u00a0and is enjoying increased popularity compared to the scarce reputation held by her father, Jean-Marie Le Pen, when he was at the helm of the former Front National (then renamed as Rassemblement National in 2018). Le Pen\u2019s numerical defeat at the April 2022 presidential election did not cause her to fall into disrepute as it was followed by a resounding victory scored by the Rassemblement National at the French parliamentary elections in June 2022. In fact, Le Pen\u2019s relentless success became patent in the 2022 parliamentary elections when Rassemblement National obtained\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/resultats-elections\/\"><u>17.3%<\/u><\/a>\u00a0of the seats, an achievement defined by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.leparisien.fr\/elections\/legislatives\/legislatives-la-victoire-surprise-du-rassemblement-national-en-cartes-20-06-2022-LRHTHRVJWBDCDJHNHHSYP5MG6Y.php\"><u>the French press<\/u><\/a>\u00a0as a personal victory for Marine Le Pen. Therefore, Le Pen attained her best electoral result ever at the 2022 elections to become President of the French Republic.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ces.uc.pt\/ficheiros2\/images\/Screen%20Shot%202023-06-01%20at%2016_11_19(1).png\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/>\n<sup>Screenshot of one of Le Pen&#8217;s tweets<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Although globally, women in politics are still under-numbered in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/13691481211018308\"><u>leadership positions compared to men<\/u><\/a>, we can observe a slight shift in the French political panorama from a male-dominated arena to a more gender-diverse one with Le Pen leading the second most voted French party. The case of Le Pen, however, is emblematic. Despite being a woman in a leadership position, Le Pen has often been at odds with advancing gender equality and rights for women.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Supporting all women\u2026<\/strong><br \/>\nMarine Le Pen conveys the image of a female leader characterised by strength and self-determination. It is a case in point that she identifies herself as a completely \u201cfree woman\u201d,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MLP_officiel\/status\/1511434609275420674\"><u>claiming<\/u><\/a>\u00a0that she owes nothing to anyone, \u201cneither to political parties, nor to bankers, or to big companies\u201d. In affirming her women\u2019s rights of self-determination and self-assertion, in the above-cited quotation, she also attacks the so-called political and economic elite that populist parties blame for neglecting the will of the people. The protection of women\u2019s rights seems to be close to Le Pen\u2019s heart. On the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women (November 25, 2022), Le Pen\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MLP_officiel\/status\/1596167979229941760\"><u>tweeted<\/u><\/a>:<br \/>\n\u201cIn this international day against violence against women, I have a thought for every woman victim of sexual or physical violence. We have one duty: protect them and sanction those who are guilty of such acts\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>A similar\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MLP_officiel\/status\/1633391931437862913\"><u>tweet<\/u><\/a>\u00a0was posted on 8 March 2023, for the International Women\u2019s Day, in which Le Pen vocally restated the necessity to protect women\u2019s rights and their dignity, as well as advancing equality.<\/p>\n<p>Affirming women\u2019s rights, though, is different from clearly being a feminist. Back in 2021, on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymotion.com\/video\/x7zvki2\"><u>French national television<\/u><\/a>, Le Pen ambiguously proclaimed herself as a \u201cfeminist\u201d who \u201cdoes not express hostility towards men\u201d, which results in a lukewarm pro-women\u2019s rights affirmation complemented by the condemnation of the \u201cunjust overall accusation against men\u201d. Moreover, Le Pen\u2019s lukewarm feminism presents slippages into the PRR reactionary values that are unquestionably not feminist. At the beginning of her career as a leader, Le Pen proposed that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cadmus.eui.eu\/handle\/1814\/49044\"><u>abortion<\/u><\/a>\u00a0should no longer be paid for by the national health system, presenting a more moderate approach to the issue than her father\u2019s anti-abortions (and even anti-divorce) stances while keeping her pragmatism. In 2022, Le Pen openly denounced surrogacy as a \u201ccommercialization of women\u2019s bodies that is unworthy of our civilization\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/mlp_officiel\/status\/1511784195026296833?lang=bn\"><u>Twitter<\/u><\/a>\u00a006\/04\/2022;\u00a0<u>TikTok<\/u>, 02\/05\/2023). Therefore, as argued by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sp\/article\/27\/1\/1\/5259255\"><u>Geva<\/u><\/a>, we posit that, although Le Pen has managed to convey a less radical image of the now-Rassemblement National, she has also been able to cling onto her PRR reactionary values, by remodeling her image from the one as a \u201cpolitical daughter\u201d under her father, into the one as \u201cmother of the nation\u201d, who is depicted as a strong leader and a caregiver of \u201cthe people\u201d who nurtures and supports the national in-group.<\/p>\n<p><strong>.. or only Western women?<\/strong><br \/>\nIndeed, Le Pen\u2019s pro-women\u2019s rights narratives seem to have an ethno-cultural delimitation: Le Pen\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MLP_officiel\/status\/843934711957393408\"><u>tweets<\/u><\/a>\u00a0and discourses between 2016 and 2023 have seen the salience of\u00a0<em>femonationalism<\/em>\u00a0increase relentlessly. What is\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dukeupress.edu\/in-the-name-of-womens-rights\"><u>femonationalism<\/u><\/a>? It is\u00a0<em>the<\/em>\u00a0narrative, ideologically underpinned by nativism \u2013 the combination of nationalism and racism \u2013 according to which Islam suffocates women\u2019s rights characteristic of Western culture and values, to which it poses a threat. We concur with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/disseminacao\/the-sexual-order-of-european-far-right-populism-or-when-whiteness-prevails-over-gender-based-solidarity\/\"><u>Indelicato<\/u><\/a>\u2019s point about the fact that femonationalism is not paradoxical, as the PRR ideology, even when advancing women\u2019s rights, has been rooted in the racialization of the Other, i.e. the Muslim (often immigrant) Other in this case. In the context of the Rassemblement National, Le Pen has engaged in a strenuous defense of Muslim women\u2019s rights against the alleged threat posed by Islam to gender equality. Immigration is seen as being\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MLP_officiel\/status\/1582366232975904768\"><u>out-of-control<\/u><\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MLP_officiel\/status\/1641832046866624513\"><u>massive<\/u><\/a>. Islam is described as a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MLP_officiel\/status\/1504206999327842309\"><u>totalitarian ideology<\/u><\/a>, menacing\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MLP_officiel\/status\/1490043241496035331\"><u>French values<\/u><\/a>, such as secularism, freedom of expression, and equality between men and women.<\/p>\n<p>Femonationalism is the ideological centerpiece of Le Pen\u2019s campaigns against the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MLP_officiel\/status\/1496187440159248400\"><u>veil<\/u><\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MLP_officiel\/status\/1533849284827041792\"><u>burkini<\/u><\/a>, perceived by the PRR leader as a means of Islamist propaganda, as well as the marker of a totalitarian ideology forcing Muslim women into submission to strict norms determined by Muslim men. In such a way, nativism and gender fights become inextricably entangled. Le Pen\u2019s fight for the alleged rights claimed by herself, her party, and the PRR, for Muslim women are weaponized in the fight against immigrants, particularly those from Muslim countries, on the basis of an ethnocultural nationalist credo that portrays the \u201cOther\u201d and their identity as a threat to the national identity of the in-group, understood as the Western civilisation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>So, rights for whom?<\/strong><br \/>\nMarine Le Pen has proved that, despite addressing the crowds by identifying herself as a feminist (though half-heartedly) and a free woman, she advocates for a precise type of equality and gender rights, which is predicated around the nativist boundaries between the in-group to protect, and the out-group to scapegoat. The women Le Pen claims to defend are instrumentalized for the purpose of scapegoating the Muslim immigrant. Indeed, the women Le Pen claims to protect either belong to the French in-group or they belong to the out-group of women to paternalistically protect against the threatening Muslim Other. Le Pen\u2019s epochal results for her Rassemblement National as a female leader and her plea to protect and defend women\u2019s rights strongly clash with her questionable stances that envisage limitations and delegitimization of Muslim women\u2019s agency. In a nutshell, explicitly advancing women\u2019s rights does not translate into the promotion of (<em>all<\/em>) rights for\u00a0<em>all<\/em>\u00a0women.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Laura Montecchio<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; King\u2019s College London<\/p>\n<p><strong>Marianna Griffini\u00a0<\/strong>&#8211; King\u2019s College London<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-1-1\">\n<div id=\"printButton\"><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/alicenews.ces.uc.pt\/index.php?lang=1&amp;id=42657\">Alice News<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 12.5px; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 12.5px;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Laura Montecchio, Marianna Griffini 2023-05-30 This article is part of the UNPOP series - Unpacking Populism, published on a monthly basis and\u00a0edited by Cristiano Gianolla and Ma\u00edra Magalh\u00e3es Lopes. The...","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1007834,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[47],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.13 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What do women want? How women are portrayed in Marine Le Pen\u2019s Rassemblement National - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The success of populist radical right (PRR) parties is not a novelty. 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