{"id":1008598,"date":"2025-03-25T11:02:30","date_gmt":"2025-03-25T11:02:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/?p=1008598"},"modified":"2025-05-22T14:36:41","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T14:36:41","slug":"outgroup-homogeneity-effect","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/outgroup-homogeneity-effect\/","title":{"rendered":"OUTGROUP HOMOGENEITY EFFECT"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"impressao\"  data-column-margin=\"default\" data-midnight=\"dark\"  class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row\"  style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; \"><div class=\"row-bg-wrap\" data-bg-animation=\"none\" data-bg-overlay=\"false\"><div class=\"inner-wrap\"><div class=\"row-bg viewport-desktop\"  style=\"\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"row_col_wrap_12 col span_12 dark left\">\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone\"  data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"fws_69d809a7e1ea4\" data-midnight=\"\" data-column-margin=\"default\" class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row inner_row\"  style=\"\"><div class=\"row-bg-wrap\"> <div class=\"row-bg\" ><\/div> <\/div><div class=\"row_col_wrap_12_inner col span_12  left\">\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-10 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone\"   data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"postPeople\">\n<p><em><strong>By <span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW84094074 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW84094074 BCX0\">Lisete <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW84094074 BCX0\">M\u00f3nico &amp; <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW84094074 BCX0\">Sofia <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW84094074 BCX0\">Morgado<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW84094074 BCX0\"> Pereira<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW84094074 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-2 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone\"   data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class='printomatic pom-small-black' id='id4300'  data-print_target='div#impressao, .impressao, h1.entry-title'><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The individuals understand the social world trough categorization. Generally, it refers to the cognitive process of using characteristics or attributes to cluster individuals into social classes or groups. Social categorization helps individuals make sense of their and others\u2019 position in society and adds to identity when the characteristics of the self are identified as belonging to a group (ingroup) or not belonging to a group (outgroup).<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Social categorization is inaccurate and marked by biases and distortions. Moreover, ingroups and outgroups are perceived differently. There is a tendency to judge the individuals categorized in a given group as similar, and individuals categorized into different groups as distinct (accentuation). The <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">outgroup homogeneity effect<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> results from this process of asymmetrical accentuation of similarities and differences among group members, referring to the tendency to accentuate the similarities of the outgroup members to each other more than the similarities of the ingroup members to each other. That is, there is a tendency to see ingroup members as relatively more differentiated than outgroup members. This implies that outgroup members\u2019 perceptions are based on category information (stereotyping), whereas the perceptions of ingroup members are based on individual attribute information (individuation). Differences in the attention invested in the process of perception of individual attributes, greater knowledge of ingroup occurrences and variety, and feelings of gratification derived from ingroup identification can explain the differences in ingroup\/outgroup categorization. Moreover, dependence and power dynamics influence group categorization.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In any given social hierarchy, there are people who have both high power and status and other individuals who have neither. Social hierarchy can be understood as the unequal distribution of power and status among individuals. According to Fragale et al. (2011), status is defined \u201cas the extent to which an individual is respected, admired, and highly regarded by others\u201d (p. 767). Ingroups with a low status (subordinates) are judged as more homogeneous than outgroups with higher status (dominants) given that, owing to insecure social identity, subordinate group members need to feel unified and strong in the face of the outgroup, as proposed by the Social Identity Theory. Thus, subordinate groups look for and promote homogeneity among their members. Conversely, dominant group members perceive the ingroup as more heterogeneous owing to more personological explanations, and the outgroup (subordinate) as more homogenous, forming stereotypical views, which can be due to a lack of invested attention in the process of perception of individual attributes. The accentuated perception of dissimilarity between the ingroup and outgroup and similarity within each group can lead to intergroup conflict.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"height: 10px;\" class=\"divider\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"postPeople\">\n<p><strong><strong>Related References<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">American Psychological Association. &#8220;Categorization.&#8221; Dictionary of Psychology. Retrieved November 19, 2024, from https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/categorization<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Oakes, Penelope. &#8220;The Root of All Evil in Intergroup Relations? Unearthing the Categorization Process.&#8221; In <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology: Intergroup Processes<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, edited by R. Brown and S. L. Gaertner, 3-22. 2nd ed. Blackwell Publishers, 2003.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Brewer, M. B. &#8220;In-group Bias in the Minimal Intergroup Situation: A Cognitive-Motivational Analysis.&#8221; <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Psychological Bulletin<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> 86, no. 2 (1979): 307-324.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Brewer, M. B. \u201cOptimal Distinctiveness, Social Identity, and the Self.\u201d In <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Handbook of Self and Identity<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, edited by M. Leary and J. Tangney, 480\u2013491. New York: The Guilford Press, 2003.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Devos, T., L. Comby, and J-C Deschamps. \u201cAsymmetries in Judgements of Ingroup and Outgroup Variability.\u201d In <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">European Review of Social Psychology<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, edited by W. Stroebe and M. Hewstone, vol. 7, 95-144. New York: Wiley, 1996.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Fielding, K. S., and M. A. Hogg. \u201cSocial Identity, Self-Categorizations, and Leadership: A Field Study of Small Interactive Groups.\u201d <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> 1, no. 1 (1997): 39-51.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Fisk, S. T., and E. D\u00e9pret. \u201cControl, Interdependence and Power: Understanding Social Cognition in Its Social Context.\u201d <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">European Review of Social Psychology<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> \u202f7, no. 1 (1996): 1-38.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Fiske, S. \u201cControlling Other People: The Impact of Power on Stereotyping.\u201d <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">American Psychologist<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> 48, no. 6 (1993): 621-628.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Fragale, A. R., J. R. Overbeck, and M. A. Neale. \u201cResources Versus Respect: Social Judgments Based on Targets\u2019 Power and Status Positions.\u201d <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Journal of Experimental Social Psychology<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> 47, no. 4 (2011): 767-775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jesp.2011.03.006.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Judd, C. M., and B. Park. \u201cOutgroup Homogeneity: Judgments of Variability at the Individual and Group Levels.\u201d <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Journal of Personality and Social Psychology<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> 54, no. 5 (1988): 778-788.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Lorenzi-Cioldi, F. \u201cGroup Status and Perceptions of Homogeneity.\u201d In <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">European Review of Social Psychology<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, edited by W. Stroebe and M. Hewstone, vol. 9, 31-74. New York: Wiley, 1998.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Marques, J. M., E. M. Robalo, and S. A. Rocha. \u201cIngroup Bias and the \u2018Black Sheep Effect\u2019: Assessing the Impact of Social Identification and Perceived Variability on Group Judgments.\u201d <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">European Journal of Social Psychology<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> 22, no. 3 (1992): 331-352.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Simon, B. \u201cThe Perception of Ingroup and Outgroup Homogeneity: Reintroducing the Intergroup Context.\u201d In <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">European Review of Social Psychology<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, edited by W. Stroebe and M. Hewstone, vol. 3, 1-30. Chichester: Wiley, 1992.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Turner, J. C. \u201cSocial Comparison and Social Identity: Some Prospects for Intergroup Behavior.\u201d <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">European Journal of Social Psychology<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> 5, no. 1 (1975): 1-29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejsp.2420050102. \u202f\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Turner, J. C. \u201cSocial Categorization and the Self-Concept: A Social Cognitive Theory of Group Behavior.\u201d In <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Advances in Group Processes: Theory and Research<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, edited by E. J. Lawler, vol. 2. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1985.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Turner, J. C., M. A. Hogg, P. J. Oakes, S. D. Reicher, and M. S. Wetherell. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-Categorization Theory.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> New York: Basil Blackwell, 1987.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"postPeople\">\n<p><strong><strong>Cite this entry as:<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\" lang=\"PT-PT\" xml:lang=\"PT-PT\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\">M\u00f3nico<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\">, Lisete &amp; Sofia Morgado Pereira. 2025. \u2019Outgroup Homogeneity Effect<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\">\u2019<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\" lang=\"PT-PT\" xml:lang=\"PT-PT\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\">.<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"TextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\">In <\/span><\/span><em><span class=\"TextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\">Populism<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\">s<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\"> and Em<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\">otion<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\">s<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"TextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\">Glossary<\/span><\/span><\/em><span class=\"TextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\">, edited by Cristiano Gianolla, Lisete M\u00f3nico, Maira Magalh\u00e3es Lopes and Maria Elena Indelicato<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\">. <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\" lang=\"PT-PT\" xml:lang=\"PT-PT\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW249228419 BCX4\">Available<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW249228419 BCX4\">at<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\"> https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\">en<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\">\/<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW249228419 BCX4\">gloss\u00e1rio<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lisete M\u00f3nico &#038; Sofia Morgado Pereira<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[48],"tags":[66],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.13 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>OUTGROUP HOMOGENEITY EFFECT - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The individuals understand the social world trough categorization. Generally, it refers to the cognitive process of using characteristics or attributes to cluster individuals into social classes or groups. Social categorization helps individuals make sense of their and others\u2019 position in society and adds to identity when the characteristics of the self are identified as belonging to a group (ingroup) or not belonging to a group (outgroup).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/unpop.ces.uc.pt\/en\/outgroup-homogeneity-effect\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"OUTGROUP HOMOGENEITY EFFECT - UNPOP - UNpacking POPulism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The individuals understand the social world trough categorization. Generally, it refers to the cognitive process of using characteristics or attributes to cluster individuals into social classes or groups. 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